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Ebook Optical cues used in prey identification by a juvenile jumping spider, Yllenus arenarius (Araneae, Salticidae) Maciej Bartos

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Opis treści

Jumping spiders (Salticidae) are known for their unique eyes with exceptionally high spatial acuities, unparalleled among any terrestrial invertebrates. These unusual eyes enable salticids to recognize their prey based purely on vision. The cues used by the spiders to discriminate between their diverse prey are, however, almost completely unknown. It is a mystery, how they cope with the overwhelming diversity of information they can potentially receive. We know very little about the cues a salticid uses to decide whether an object that has entered its visual field is a prey, a mate, an enemy or an inedible object. It is unknown how the salticids that use different predatory techniques against different prey groups classify and target the prey. The purpose of this study is to check if prey cues, such as: body length, motion type, the position of head spot, legs, wings and antennae and the number of these details are used by inexperienced salticids to identify their prey. To accomplish this purpose a euryphagous salticid, Yllenus arenarius, was confronted with selected types of its natural prey as well as with computer-generated animations based on the natural prey, called virtual prey. The findings from the study reveal some general rules used by the spiders to classify their prey in their early predatory interactions. They bring us closer to understanding how neurally constrained animals use information from their environment and how they respond to it.

Spis treści ebooka Optical cues used in prey identification by a juvenile jumping spider, Yllenus arenarius (Araneae, Salticidae)

1. Introduction 7

1.1. Visual prey recognition 8
Prey vs non-prey 8
Different prey types 9
Attack targeting 11
1.2. Salticid vision 12
1.3. The model spider 15
1.4. Aims of the study 16

2. Materials and methods 19

2.1. Experiment 1 (virtual prey) 19
2.2. Experiment 2 (natural prey) 25
2.3. The spiders 27
2.4. Data analysis 29

3. Results 35

3.1. Approach to prey 36
3.2. Attack on prey 39
3.3. Number of attacks 42
3.4. Distance of attack 45
3.5. Stalk 48
3.6. Frontal approach 50
3.7. Front-rear observation 54
3.8. Target of attack 57

4. Discussion 67

4.1. Prey vs non-prey 67
4.2. Prey-type recognition 72
4.3. Attack targeting 80
4.4. Innate predatory versatility 86
4.5. Prey identification mechanism 88
4.6. Virtual prey method 90

5. Summary 93

6. References 97

Acknowledgements 107
About the author 109