ebook Life and aging with HIV

Wydawca: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Rok wydania: 2018

A monograph on the epidemiology and course of HIV infections, neuroimaging diagnostics, and the cognitive adaptation (psychological functioning) of people infected with HIV, as well as their aging processes – with a particular emphasis on their olfactory and auditory functions and metabolic bone diseases. The authors - neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, radiologists, and audiologists - present the results of their own research and a reliable and critical review of the current body of literature. This publication is addressed to psychologists and caregivers of people infected with HIV.

*********

Życie i starzenie się z HIV. Interdyscyplinarne podejście

Angielskojęzyczne wydanie elektroniczne monografii poświęconej epidemiologii i przebiegowi zakażeń HIV, diagnostyce neuroobrazowej, funkcjonowaniu psychicznemu oraz procesom starzenia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem funkcji węchowych i słuchowych oraz metabolicznych chorób kości u osób zakażonych wirusem HIV.

Publikacja wyjątkowa ze względu na kompleksowość oraz interdyscyplinarność poruszanej w niej problematyki – autorami zebranych w niej tekstów są specjaliści w takich dziedzinach, jak neuropsychologia, psychiatria, radiologia, audiologia i inne. Jako jedyna jak dotąd monografia w Polsce prezentująca kwestie związane z zakażeniami HIV, zawierająca rzetelny i krytyczny przegląd aktualnej literatury i opisująca wyniki własnych badań autorów znajdzie z pewnością ważne miejsce w procesie kształcenia i doskonalenia kadr medycznych i psychologów, zajmujących się opieką nad osobami zakażonymi HIV.

*********

Dr Agnieszka Pluta – w 2006 roku ukończyła studia magisterskie na Wydziale Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, gdzie zrealizowała program specjalizacji neuropsychologii klinicznej. Jej zainteresowania naukowe skupiają się wokół neuropsychologii poznawczej oraz badania mózgowych mechanizmów zachowań społecznych. Autorka lub współautorka 17 artykułów naukowych, rozdziału w monografii oraz ponad 40 wystąpień konferencyjnych w kraju i za granicą. W latach 2009-2010 stypendystka Fulbrighta w SaxeLab w Massachusetts Institute of Technology, gdzie badała neuronalne korelaty empatii oraz teorii umysłu. Od 2006 roku prowadzi autorskie seminaria dla studentów psychologii dotyczące m.in. badania wyższych procesów poznawczych z wykorzystaniem techniki czynnościowego rezonansu magnetycznego.
W roku 2012 otrzymała stopień doktora nauk humanistycznych (dyplom z wyróżnieniem). Pracę naukową kontynuuje na Wydziale Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego oraz w Naukowym Centrum Obrazowania Biomedycznego w Instytucie Fizjologii i Patologii Słuchu.

Prof. Emilia Łojek – profesor zwyczajny na Wydziale Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Specjalizuje się w neuropsychologii klinicznej. Studiowała i realizowała prace naukowe w Applied Psychology Unit University of Cambridge (UK), University College London (UK), College of Medicine Ohio State University (USA).
Opublikowała wiele prac naukowych na temat m.in. problemów porozumiewania się językowego osób z uszkodzeniami mózgu, zmian funkcji neuropsychologicznych u pacjentów z chorobami neurodegeneracyjnymi, u osób żyjących z wirusem HIV oraz osób w podeszłym wieku.
Autorka lub współautorka adaptacji oraz oryginalnych testów do diagnozy neuropsychologicznej (H-RNTB, RHLB, RFFT, CVLT, CTT, KPD) i prac dotyczących rehabilitacji neuropsychologicznej. Pełni funkcję członka Zarządu International Neuropsychological Society.

---------

Dr Agnieszka Pluta – an employee of the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Warsaw and the Scientific Center for Biomedical Imaging of the Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing.

Prof. Emilia Łojek – is a full professor at the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Warsaw. She specializes in clinical neuropsychology.

Spis treści ebooka Life and aging with HIV

Introduction
References

PART I. Treatment vs new portrait of the HIV epidemic
CHAPTER 1. Epidemiology of HIV infection in Poland in light of the situation in Europe and worldwide
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 2. Tolerance of the antiretroviral treatment vs aging of the individuals living with HIV
Summary
References

PART II. RESEARCH ON THE BRAIN IN HIV INFECTION – CURRENT CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 3. Aging of the brain in HIV infection
Introduction
Physiological aging of the brain
Morphological exponents of changes in the brain
due to aging
Immune response changes associated with age
Neurobiochemical changes in the aging brain
Changes in the central nervous system in HIV
infection
Entering of HIV into the CNS
Destruction of nerve cells
Compartmentalization of HIV in the CNS
Chronic inflammation of the CNS and activation of
the immune system
Pathomorphological changes in the CNS
Neuroimaging studies
Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in the
CNS
Antiretroviral therapy and the CNS
Factors influencing brain aging in HIV-infected
patients
Age of HIV-infected patients
Processes affecting aging of the brain
ART in elderly patients
Clinical symptoms of brain aging in HIV-infected
individuals
References
CHAPTER 4. The use of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing and monitoring cerebral lesions in
HIV-infected patients while taking into account the aging processes
Introduction
Neuroimaging methods and techniques using
magnetic resonance imaging
Conventional structural imaging
Mapping the diffusion tensor parameters
Functional imaging
In vivo spectroscopy
Organic changes in the brain in HIV-infected
patients as observed with MR imaging
The processes of brain aging in MR images
Summary
References
CHAPTER 5. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in patients infected with HIV
Introduction
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Metabolites measured with the use of MRS
MRS applications in research on the effects of
HIV infection and aging of the central nervous
system
Aging process and HMRS spectrum in healthy as
well as HIV-infected individuals
Aging process and HMRS spectrum in HIV-infected
individuals
The use of the MRS technique in neuroimaging of
the neuropsychological deficits associated with
HIV infection
Summary
References
CHAPTER 6. Mapping brain abnormalities in aging HIV-infected individuals. A review of neuroimaging
studies
Introduction
Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies of
the HIV-infected brain
Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of
the HIV-infected brain fMRI, HIV and aging
Application of PET in examining the HIV-infected
brain
Application of PET in examining aging HIV-
positive subjects
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 7. Relationship between white matter integrity and neurocognitive outcomes in human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Background
Method
Database search
Participants
Methodology
DTI analysis
Neuropsychology
Results
General DTI results
DTI correlation with neuropsychology
DTI and the global neuropsychological score
relationship
Specific neurocognitive tests
Processing speed
Verbal learning
Attention interference
Prospective memory
Mental control
Hierarchical perception
No relationship between DTI and neuropsychology
Discussion
References
Appendix 1. Pubmed search syntax
Appendix 2. Participants
Appendix 3. DTI Methodology
Appendix 4. Neuropsychology testing
CHAPTER 8. Aging of the brain in HIV infection: literature review of the studies using resting state
functional magnetic resonance imaging
Introduction
Assumptions underlying RS-fMRI research paradigm
Changes in the spontaneous brain activity related
to aging
Changes in the spontaneous brain activity in
individuals aging with HIV infection
The relationship between RS of the brain and
neurocognitive functioning in HIV infection
Summary
References

PART III. Psychological problems in HIV-infected individuals Nature Reviews
CHAPTER 9. Depressive disorders in individuals with HIV infection in the context of aging
Introduction
Depressive disorders in HIV-infected people
Depressive disorders in the elderly
Aging of HIV-infected people
Summary
References
CHAPTER 10. Factors determining neuropsychological functioning in individuals who live with HIV/AIDS
Introduction
Biological factors
Psychological factors
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Personality Disorders
HIV infection and psychoactive substance
addiction
Demographic factors
Summary
References
CHAPTER 11. Quality of life in persons with HIV infection
Introduction
Research methods for assessing quality of life in
HIV-infected patients
Determinants of quality of life in HIV-infected
persons
HRQoL and demographic variables
HRQoL and social and emotional functioning
HRQoL and mental health
HRQoL and cognitive functioning
HRQOL and HIV infection variables
Summary
References
CHAPTER 12. Cognitive reserve, psychosocial and lifestyle factors and the risk of neurocognitive
impairment in older HIV-infected adults
Introduction
Cognitive aging in HIV infection
Impact of reserve and lifestyle factors on
neuropsychological functioning in older
individuals infected with HIV
Cognitive reserve
Medication adherence
Substance use cessation and nutrition
Employment
Social participation and attitude
Physical activity
Summary
References
CHAPTER 13. Research on the psychological help available for HIV-infected individuals
Introduction
Psychiatric disorders and emotional problems of
infected people
Psychotherapy of people infected with HIV
Evidence-based therapy approach in patients
living with HIV
From evidence-based to constructivist forms of
psychotherapy
Psychotherapy of HIV-infected older adults
Summary
References
Empirical research reports
CHAPTER 14. Age and trauma symptoms intensity and social support in HIV-positive individuals
Introduction
Methods
Participants
Assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
CHAPTER 15. Age vs state of cognitive processes in individuals with HIV/HCV co-infection. Empirical
research
Introduction
Classification of HIV-associated cognitive
impairment
Cognitive impairment associated with HCV
infection
Cognitive impairment associated with HIV and HCV
co-infection
Empirical research
Introduction to empirical research
Methods
Participants
Measurement
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 16. Psychological functioning in HIV/HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected individuals
following hepatitis C treatment
Introduction
Study design and testing procedure
Participants
Clinical characteristics
Variables related to HCV infection
HIV-related variables
Other clinical variables
Methods of psychological assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Cognitive functions
Mood, fatigue and quality of life
Clinical variables vs psychological tests results
Discussion and conclusions
References
Appendix 1.
Appendix 2. Outcomes on the measurement of
depression, fatigue and health-related quality of
life in the studied groups at three measurements:
before treatment, at week 12, and after
completion of therapy

PART IV. Selected problems
CHAPTER 17. Olfaction capacity – emerging clinical research area in HIV infection
Introduction
Significance of olfactory capacity in humans
Olfactory capacity components and methods of
examining them
Olfactory Abnormalities
Research on the olfactory capacity in HIV-
infected individuals
Summary
References
CHAPTER 18. Auditory functions in HIV-infected adults
Introduction
Hearing loss in HIV infection
Age and hearing loss in HIV infection
HAART and hearing loss in HIV infection
Central auditory deficits in HIV infection
Tinnitus in HIV infection
Vestibular symptoms in HIV infection
Auditory and cognitive functions in HIV infection
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 19. Metabolic bone diseases in HIV-infected patients
Introduction
Bone tissue – regulatory factors
Bone mineral density
Osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV-infected
individuals
Pathophysiology of bone mass loss in HIV
infection
Bone fracture risk in HIV+ individuals
Therapeutic options
Conclusions
References

Authors