ebook Reporting of enterpriss. The main theoretical problems and legal regulations Ryszard Kamiński

Spis treści ebooka Reporting of enterpriss. The main theoretical problems and legal regulations

Preface 9
List of acronyms 11
Introduction 13
Chapter I 17
Financial accounting as a source of business information 17
1.1. The concept of accounting and its functions 17
1.2. Accounting principles 21
1.3. Users of information provided by accounting 24
1.4. Legal accounting regulations in Poland The Accounting Act 28
1.4.1. Sources of accounting law in Poland 28
1.4.2. The structure of the Accounting Act 29
1.4.3. Areas regulated by the Accounting Act 31
1.4.3.1. Accounting policies 32
1.4.3.2. Account books 34
1.4.3.3. Inventory 36
1.4.3.4. Valuation methods 38
1.5. Final remarks 40
Chapter II 43
Financial statements as the final product of the accounting system in the light of basic theoretical concepts and Polish regulations 43
2.1. The concept of financial statements, their purpose and types 43
2.2. “True and fair view” as the main principle of preparing financial statements 46
2.3. Quality characteristics of financial statements 49
2.4. Financial statements according to the Accounting Act 51
2.4.1. Preparation of financial statements 51
2.4.2. Balance sheet as a static account of assets and equity 53
2.4.3. Profit and loss account 58
2.4.4. Statement of changes in equity (found) 62
2.4.5. Cash flow statement 65
2.4.6. Notes to financial statements 70
2.5. Management report 71
2.6. Financial reporting of micro entities 73
2.7. Financial reporting of small entities 77
2.8. Consolidated financial report 79
2.9. Examination of financial statements 82
2.10. Approval, availability and publication of the financial statements 85
2.11. Final remarks 88
Chapter III 89
International regulation of financial statement 89
3.1. The accounting harmonisation process 89
3.2. Financial reporting according to the International Accounting Standards Board 93
3.2.1. Conceptual framework of financial reporting 93
3.2.2. Statement of financial position 97
3.2.3. Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income 100
3.2.4. Statement of the cash flows 105
3.2.5. Statement of changes in equity 107
3.2.6. Notes to financial statements 108
3.3. International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Companies 113
3.4. European Union regulations 121
3.5. Common financial reporting concept of IASB and FASB 127
3.6. Final remarks 134
Chapter IV 135
Reporting of non-financial information 135
4.1. The essence of reporting non-financial information 135
4.2. Practice of reporting non-financial information 137
4.3. Actions for the standardization of non-financial information reporting 141
4.4. Non-financial reporting under EU Directives 144
4.4.1. Directives 2013/34/EU and 2014/95/EU 144
4.4.2. Guidelines on disclosure of non-financial information 148
4.5. Non-financial reporting under Polish regulation 152
4.7. Final remarks 156
Chapter V 159
Integrated reporting as a holistic model of showing the results of the company’s operations 159
5.1. The essence of integrated reporting 159
5.2. Efforts for standardization of integrated reports 162
5.2.1. Integrated reporting framework of IIRC 162
5.2.2. GRI guidelines 166
5.3. Integrated reporting in practice 169
5.4. Final remarks 174
Chapter VI 177
Shaping financial reporting by enterprises in theory and practice 177
6.1. The right of choice as the premise of accounting policy 177
6.2. The goals and instruments of the accounting policy of an enterprise 182
6.3. Limits of creativity in accounting 187
6.4. The essence of fraudulent accounting 194
6.5. The reasons for financial and accounting crimes and their favorable circumstances 196
6.6. Methods of accounting fraud 200
6.7. Final remarks 205
Chapter VII 207
Measures to ensure high quality of financial statements of enterprises 207
7.1. The essence of the system of supervision and control of financial reporting 207
7.2. The reform of the system of supervision of public enterprises in the USA(The Sarbanes-Oxley Act) 211
7.3. Directives of the European Union 216
7.4. Regulations in force in Poland 220
7.5. Corporate governance – part of the system of supervision of financial statements 223
7.6. Ethical norms 230
7.7. Final remarks 237
Conclusions 239
References 241
List of acts 257
Other sourses 261
List of figures and tables 262