Ebook The biology and ecology of „Betula pendula” Roth on post-industrial waste dumping grounds: the variability range of life his... Izabella Franiel

Spis treści ebooka The biology and ecology of „Betula pendula” Roth on post-industrial waste dumping grounds: the variability range of life his...

Contents

Acknowledgements / 7

Part One
Theoretical overview / 9
Introduction and the research objectives / 9
Adaptation as an expression of adjustment by a species to environmental conditions / 11
Responses of plants to stress-related factors / 12
Spatial organization of populations / 15

Part Two
European white birch (Betula pendula ROTH) — general characterization of the species / 23
The developmental biology of birch and adaptation capabilities of the species / 23

Part Three
Description of the study areas / 31
The zinc-lead dump / 31
The mine waste dump / 33
The research site in Mirów / 34
The research site in Łodygowice / 35
Climatic conditions of the studied areas / 36

Part Four
Material and study methods / 39
The research material and period / 39
Field studies / 40
Laboratory tests / 41
Geostatistical method / 42
The spatial variability of B. pendula seedlings / 45
Statistical methods / 47

Part Five
Results / 49
The photosynthetic apparatus of birch / 49
The content of chlorophyll a in birch leaves / 49
The content of chlorophyll b in birch leaves / 52
The content of carotenoids in birch leaves / 54
The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b / 57
The number of birch leaves on selected twigs / 59
The surface area of a lamina / 62
Biometric characteristics of generative organs / 65
The number of staminate inflorescences / 65
The number of pistillate inflorescences / 68
The length of staminate inflorescences / 70
The length of pistillate inflorescences / 73
The length of fructification axes / 76
The number of nuts per fructification / 78
The number of empty nuts per fructification / 81
The number of full nuts per fructification / 83
Efficiency of pollen germination / 86
Germination of birch seeds / 87
Germination capacity / 87
Germination energy expressed by the Pieper coefficient / 90
Correlation analysis of the obtained results / 91
Geostatistical analysis / 92
Visualization of variables / 92
Preliminary analysis of the collected data / 95
Calculation of empirical variograms and selection of theoretical variograms / 97
Envelopes of a variogram / 103
Statistical analysis of biometric parameters / 106

Part Six
Discussion / 109
Influence of environmental stress-related factors on the content of photosynthetic pigments / 109
Generative reproduction of silver birch and factors affecting reproduction success / 114
Influence of the selected habitat factors (moisture, solar radiation intensity) on the shape of spatial structure of seedlings / 119
Characteristics of biometric parameters of specimens growing in different parts of the postindustrial dumping ground and in the area relatively free of post-industrial contamination / 123

Part Seven
Conclusions / 127

References / 129

Streszczenie / 139
Zusammenfassung / 141

Szczegóły ebooka The biology and ecology of „Betula pendula” Roth on post-industrial waste dumping grounds: the variability range of life his...