The retail trade in Europe – diagnosis and future prespectives

Retail trade constitutes an important sector of economies in European countries. Retail trade faces numerous changes caused by the processes of concentration and integration of retailers, internationalization of commercial organizations, progress within IT technologies and trends in customers` behaviours. Multiplicity and diversity of customers` needs, which may be satisfied in retail trade, contribute to the commencement of diverse ways of providing products to their customers by retail trade enterprises. The result of these changes is a new structure of retail trade network in particular European countries.
The objective of this study is the diagnosis of retail trade functioning in Europe and an attempt to outline perspectives and directions of development of this economic sector. The report constitutes a complex study of retail trade, retailers and retail chains functioning in Europe and its selected countries.
The characteristics of retail trade in Europe were conducted on the basis of available Eurostat statistics, data published by national statistical offices, research agencies, organisations of retailers and other institutions dealing with retail trade.
The primary sources were used for the needs of this work as well. The extensive objectives of this work required specifying the subject and spatial matter of direct research. The objects of the research were inhabitants of selected European countries: Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary.
The attempts to predict perspectives and directions of retail trade development in Europe were based on the experts` evaluation method.
The publication will certainly be very interesting for all people dealing with the issue of retail trade on a daily basis. The managers of retail companies, researchers as well as students will find these themes very useful.

Introduction 7 Chapter 1. Theoretical and methodological aspects of retail trade research in Europe 9 1.1. Specific of retail trade as a research subject 9 1.2. Source foundations for retail trade research in Europe 17 1.3. Methodological assumptions for retail trade research in Europe 25 Chapter 2. Retail trade in Europe 29 2.1. Retail trade in European Union in the years 2008-2012 29 2.2. Retailing in European countries in the years 2008-2012 37 2.3. Retailers in Europe 46 Chapter 3. Retail trade in selected European countries 58 3.1. Characteristics of research samples 58 3.2. Retailing in European countries – case study 61 3.2.1. Belgium 62 3.2.2. Finland 71 3.2.3. France 79 3.2.4. Germany 88 3.2.5. Hungary 98 3.2.6. Poland 106 3.2.7. Romania 113 3.2.8. Slovakia 122 3.3. Perspectives and directions of retail trade development in 2020 according to experts 129 Conclusion 141 Bibliography 145 List of tables 151